Characteristic tryptic peptides and gelling properties of porcine skin gelatin affected by thermal action

Thermal action in extraction process had effects on characteristic tryptic peptides identification and gelling properties of porcine gelatin. SDS-PAGE, HPLC-LTQ/Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry, texture analyser and rheometer were used to evaluate collagen depolymerisation degree, characteristic tryptic peptides and gelling properties of gelatins prepared in various thermal actions. Results showed that with increasing temperature and time, depolymerisation degree enlarged, while gel strength, gelling and melting temperature decreased. Mass spectra showed that 47 and 49 common characteristic tryptic peptides were identified in gelatins extracted at 50 °C and 100 °C with various times, respectively. Moreover, 34 common characteristic tryptic peptides were identified in all gelatin samples. Further comparison between this work and our previous investigations yielded 20 common characteristic tryptic peptides, which stably exist in various thermal actions. These common characteristic tryptic peptides may be very helpful for the accurate authentication of porcine gelatin.     

Anthocyanin-fortified konjac glucomannan/sodium alginate composite edible boba: characteristics of texture,microstructure, in vitro release behaviour and antioxidant capacity

Konjac glucomannan/sodium alginate composite edible boba (KGM/SA-boba) with good taste is very popular in China, and it is an outstanding carrier for health potential ingredients. In this work, KGM/SA-boba were fortified with 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.00% purple sweet potato anthocyanin (PSPA), then characterised by the water distribution, texture, microstructure, in vitro release property of PSPA and antioxidant capacity. LF-NMR analysis demonstrated that the free water of KGM/SA-boba could transfer to tightly bound water with the addition of PSPA that made it with better water-binding ability, higher springiness and lower hardness. And the results of SEM and rheology showed that PSPA could stabilise the microstructure of KGM/SA-boba by forming more amorphous regions and hydrogen bonds proved by the results of DSC and FT-IR. Furthermore, 50% of PSPA in PSPA-fortified KGM/SA-boba can be released at the first hour in a simulated gastrointestinal environment. And the scavenging capacity of DPPH and ABTS of the PSPA-fortified KGM/SA-boba after digestion was higher than that of PSPA alone. Generally, PSPA could improve the texture while KGM/SA-boba in turn would make PSPA more stable in the gastrointestinal digestive system.     

Enzyme-Activated Prodrug-Based Smart Liposomes Specifically Enhance Tumor Hemoperfusion with Efficient Drug Delivery to Pancreatic Cancer Cells and Stellate Cells

Tumor-specific enhanced delivery of chemotherapeutics and modulators to tumor cells and activated pancreatic stellate cells (aPSCs), respectively, represents safer and more effective therapy for pancreatic cancer. Herein, a membrane type 1-matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP)-cleavable spacer is used to assemble low-density cRGDfK onto thermosensitive liposomes loaded with phosphorylated calcipotriol (PCAL) and doxorubicin (DOX), yielding MR-T-PD. The liposome-linked cRGDfK prodrug on MR-T-PD surface is first activated by MT1-MMP, which is selectively expressed on tumor endothelial cells, to release cRGDfK. The free cRGDfK specifically promotes tumor angiogenesis, leading to 3.4-fold higher accumulation and a wider distribution of MR-T-PD in tumors. Furthermore, MR-T-PD rapidly releases PCAL and DOX into the interstitium under heat treatment. The released DOX enters tumor cells to induce apoptosis, whereas the PCAL prodrug is converted to CAL by alkaline phosphatase on the surface of aPSCs; CAL can then enter aPSCs to induce quiescence and promote the antitumor effect of DOX. Finally, by enhancing the exposure of DOX and CAL to tumor cells and aPSCs, respectively, in a tumor-specific manner, MR-T-PD exerts superior efficacy (a 5.9-fold decrease in tumor weight) without causing additional side effects. Overall, this prodrug-based smart liposome system represents a promising paradigm for pancreatic cancer therapy.     

A first-principles investigation on mechanical and metallic properties of titanium carbides under pressure

The titanium carbides are potential candidates to achieve both high hardness and refractory property. We carried out a structural search for titanium carbides at three pressures of 0 GPa, 30 GPa and 50 GPa. A phase diagram of the Ti-C system at 0 K was obtained by elucidating formation enthalpies as a function of compositions, and their mechanical and metallic properties of titanium carbides were investigated systematically. We also discussed the relation of titanium concentration to the both mechanical and metallic properties of titanium carbides. It has been found that the average valence electron density and tractility improved at higher concentrations of titanium, while the degree of covalent bonding directionality decreased. To this effect, the hardness of titanium carbide decreases as the content of titanium increases. Our results indicated that the titanium content significantly affected the metallic properties of the Ti-C system.     

张拉膜结构屋面补充定额研究和应用

某高校室外游泳池加装屋面采用了张拉膜结构.由于缺少该工法的计价依据,按照补充定额编制要求和主要施工工序划分补充定额子目,在现场实测并提取类似工程定额原始数据的基础上编制张拉膜工法的补充定额,组建新的定额基价,为合同实施及后续结果提供计价依据.     

超级计算机网络引导技术研究与分析

针对超级计算机系统中网络引导时间开销大的问题，提出网络引导分布算法是影响网络引导性能的主要因素之一，是优化网络引导性能的主要方向的观点。首先，分析了影响大规模网络引导性能的主要因素；其次，结合一种典型超级计算机系统，分析了超节点循环分布算法（SCDA）和插件循环分布算法（BCDA）的网络引导数据流拓扑结构；最后，量化分析了这两种算法对各个网络路径段的压力和可获得的网络性能，发现BCDA性能是SCDA性能的1~20倍。通过理论分析和模型推导发现，在计算节点和引导服务器之间使用更细粒度的映射算法可以在引导部分资源时使用尽量多的引导服务器，减少对局部网络资源的过早竞争，提升网络引导性能。     

PVC⁃U排水管道中重金属铅的浸出研究

研究了3种添加铅稳定剂的铅总量和硬聚氯乙烯（PVC?U）管道产品在不同时间，温度及pH下的浸出规律，并讨论了浸出机理。结果表明，3种产品浸出规律一致：铅浸出量随时间增加先增加后减少，浸出4 h时浸出量最大；温度对铅浸出量影响显著，铅浸出量随温度的增加持续增加；铅在强酸性环境的浸出量大于在强碱性环境下的浸出量，在偏碱性环境下的浸出量最少。     

Amorphizing of Cu Nanoparticles toward Highly Efficient and Robust Electrocatalyst for CO2 Reduction to Liquid Fuels with High Faradaic Efficiencies

Conversion of carbon dioxide (CO₂) into valuable chemicals, especially liquid fuels, through electrochemical reduction driven by sustainable energy sources, is a promising way to get rid of dependence on fossil fuels, wherein developing of highly efficient catalyst is still of paramount importance. In this study, as a proof‐of‐concept experiment, first a facile while very effective protocol is proposed to synthesize amorphous Cu NPs. Unexpectedly, superior electrochemical performances, including high catalytic activity and selectivity of CO₂ reduction to liquid fuels are achieved, that is, a total Faradaic efficiency of liquid fuels can sum up to the maximum value of 59% at ?1.4 V, with formic acid (HCOOH) and ethanol (C₂H₆O) account for 37% and 22%, respectively, as well as a desirable long‐term stability even up to 12 h. More importantly, this work opens a new avenue for improved electroreduction of CO₂ based on amorphous metal catalysts.     

Construction project scheduling under workspace interference

Workspace interference in construction sites usually leads to work inefficiency, rework, and risk to the workforce. In this paper, we present a study on controlling and mitigating workspace interference in construction project scheduling. In particular, we consider two types of workspace interference: unacceptable workspace interference (USI) and acceptable workspace interference (ASI). During the scheduling process, if two activities cause USI, they must be scheduled for non‐overlapping execution periods. If the two activities that cause ASI are executed concurrently, it will lead to decrease in productivity. We first establish a mathematical model for construction project scheduling subject to these two types of workspace interference. This established model is a mixed‐integer, multiobjective optimization problem. Then, a two‐stage metaheuristic algorithm is developed to solve the problem. Two construction scenarios are selected to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. By comparing with traditional forward scheduling method, the two‐stage metaheuristic algorithm can achieve solutions with, on average, shorter project makespan, less total cost as well as milder resource usage variation in execution.     

镍基耐蚀Hastelloy G3合金的组织特征及热力学计算

利用Thermo-Calc软件对镍基耐蚀Hastelloy G3合金进行了热力学计算，系统研究了成分对平衡相析出的影响规律，并通过SEM和TEM对合金时效处理后的析出相进行了观察。结果表明，合金析出的平衡相主要为σ相、μ相、M6C和M23C6；Cr、Mo含量主要影响σ相和μ相析出量及开始析出温度；而C元素显著影响碳化物M6C和M23C6的析出行为；进一步通过试验研究了时效过程中析出相的析出规律。